The measurement of a company's performance to determine its success is an essential aspect of business analysis and evaluation. RL and Mishra (2022) indicated that net profit margin is one of the best metrics of firms' performance. As time passed, the business world became more complex, and criticisms have pointed out that profit alone cannot capture the complete picture of a company's performance. Zhou et al. (2022) mentioned that attention is paid to firms' financial sustainable development especially in the context of frequent financial crises and COVID-19 pandemic. Lu et al. (2022) confirmed that during the COVID-19 crisis, firms with strong sustainability were more flexible and less affected regarding financial performance. Radasanu (2015) mentioned that sustainable growth rate (SGR) is a crucial factor in determining a company's long-term financial sustainability.

Sustainable Growth Rate is a financial metric that calculates the maximum growth rate a company can achieve without the need for external financing while maintaining a stable financial structure. Sustainable growth is an essential aspect of a firm's long-term success, and investigating the key factors that impact it is crucial for businesses. As recent studies have shown, financial decisions play a significant role in determining a company's sustainable growth rate. Investment decision, financing decision, dividend decision, and working capital management is the most important firms' decisions that influence firms' sustainable growth rate (Zhao et al., 2022; Vuković et al., 2022; Lontchi et al., 2022; Chen et al., 2022; Sunardi, 2021; Nastiti et al., 2019; Nugroho et al., 2018).

For a broader understanding of the factors influencing the sustainable growth of companies, it is crucial to study in a comprehensive way the impact of macroeconomic factors on it. Huy et al. (2021), one of the primary factors affecting the relationship between inflation and firms' sustainable growth rate is investment decision. Liu et al. (2022) confirmed that interest rates have a significant effect on firms' ability to sustain growth.

In the context of financial sustainability, various theories come into play when examining the factors that influence companies' financial decisions and their ability to achieve long-term sustainability. The theories include agency theory, signaling theory, pecking order theory, and trade-off theory.

Nguyen and Nguyen (2021) investigated the effect of debt and dividend policies in mitigating the negative impact of overinvestment on the performance of firms. Bitok et al. (2021) investigated the impact of financial leverage on the financial sustainability of microfinance institutions in Kenya. Hasanuddin et al. (2021) analyzed the effect of the leverage, the liquidity ratio, the investment opportunity set, and firm size on the quality of earnings.

Based on the literature discussed, the hypotheses in this study are formulated as follows:

In this research, the action research strategy is employed as it is the most appropriate research strategy, along with the deductive method. The quantitative approach is a powerful tool for exploring research problems and answering research questions. The population of study focuses on companies listed in the EGX 30 index. The sample includes sixteen active companies belonging to nine sectors for the period from 2009 to 2021.

Testing the research hypotheses and results discussion will be done first at the level of all firms in the sample, then will be done at the sectoral levels.

The study provides valuable insights into the factors influencing the sustainable growth rate of non-financial Egyptian listed firms. The findings reveal that several factors, including capital investment, financial leverage, dividend payout ratio, and working capital management, all play a crucial role in shaping the growth prospects of Egyptian listed firms. The research recommends that capital investment opportunities should be accompanied by careful evaluation. Firms should reconsider their dividend policies and focus on retaining earnings for reinvestment in the business.