Successful Factors of Digital Transformation in Small and Medium Enterprises: A Resource-Based View

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the key success factors of digital transformation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) based on the Resource-Based Theory (RBT), which asserts that competitive advantage primarily stems from internal resources and capabilities rather than external conditions. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, the study reviews prior literature and empirical studies on SMEs to identify the internal factors that enable successful digital transformation.
The findings indicate that five core internal factors underpin digital transformation success: digital technology, digital strategy, digital skills, digital leadership, and innovation culture. These factors represent strategic, rare, and inimitable resources that collectively enhance operational efficiency, foster adaptability, and ensure sustainable competitive advantage.
The study emphasizes that the effective integration of these resources within an aligned organizational framework is essential for maximizing the impact of digital transformation in SMEs. The study recommends strengthening digital leadership, developing digital skills, and promoting an innovation-driven culture, alongside embedding digital strategy into business operations to leverage internal resources for achieving sustainable digital transformation.